图1 动粒组装
CENH3是H3组蛋白的一种变体,是着丝粒的定位标记,是着丝粒功能和动粒组装的必要成分(图1)[1]。在酵母中研究发现,CENH3的突变会导致染色体分离失常和致死[2]。着丝粒能保证染色体在有丝分裂过程中发生正确的分离。研究证明DNA序列不足以保证着丝粒的位置,说明着丝粒的位置主要由表观因素决定[3]。以前认为着丝粒区域应当包含串联重复序列或者转座子序列,但是经过研究发现这些序列特征对着丝粒定位不是必要的[4]。CENH3的进化特征是N端序列歧化非常厉害(图2),只有非常近的近源物种才会相似度高,而C端保守性强[5]。CENH3有一个重要的应用,CENH3的突变能诱导单倍体的形成[6]。研究发现CENA-P的错误定位会导致发育延迟[7]。
图2 CENH3的N端歧化现象
参考文献
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3、 Allshire R. C., Karpen G. H., Epigenetic regulation of centromeric chromatin: old dogs, new tricks? Nat. Rev. Genet. 9, 923 (2008).
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