PHP持续集成与自动化部署流程

PHP持续集成与自动化部署流程

持续集成和自动化部署是现代软件开发的标准实践。每次代码提交后自动运行测试、代码检查、构建和部署。今天说说PHP项目的CI/CD流程搭建。

一个完整的CI/CD流程包括代码检查、测试、构建和部署几个阶段。用GitHub Actions可以轻松实现。

```yaml
# .github/workflows/deploy.yml
name: CI/CD Pipeline

on:
push:
branches: [main, develop]
pull_request:
branches: [main]

jobs:
quality:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v3

- uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
with:
php-version: '8.2'
extensions: mbstring, pdo_mysql, redis, gd
tools: composer, phpstan, phpcs

- run: composer install --prefer-dist --no-progress

- name: 代码规范检查
run: phpcs src --standard=PSR12 --extensions=php

- name: 静态分析
run: phpstan analyse src --level=8 --no-progress

- name: 单元测试
run: vendor/bin/phpunit --coverage-clover=coverage.xml

- name: 上传覆盖率
uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
with:
file: ./coverage.xml

build:
needs: quality
if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v3

- name: 构建Docker镜像
run: |
docker build -t app:latest .
docker tag app:latest registry.example.com/app:${{ github.sha }}

- name: 推送到镜像仓库
run: |
docker push registry.example.com/app:${{ github.sha }}

deploy:
needs: build
if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: SSH部署
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v0.1.5
with:
host: ${{ secrets.DEPLOY_HOST }}
username: ${{ secrets.DEPLOY_USER }}
key: ${{ secrets.DEPLOY_KEY }}
script: |
cd /var/www/app
git pull origin main
composer install --no-dev --optimize-autoloader
php artisan migrate --force
php artisan optimize
sudo supervisorctl restart all
echo "部署完成"
```

PHP代码中的部署状态检查：

```php
class DeploymentStatus
{
private string $deployDir;

public function __construct(string $deployDir = __DIR__)
{
$this->deployDir = rtrim($deployDir, '/');
}

public function getCurrentRelease(): string
{
$releaseFile = $this->deployDir . '/RELEASE_VERSION';
if (file_exists($releaseFile)) {
return trim(file_get_contents($releaseFile));
}
return 'unknown';
}

public function getDeployTime(): string
{
$deployFile = $this->deployDir . '/DEPLOY_TIME';
if (file_exists($deployFile)) {
return trim(file_get_contents($deployFile));
}
return 'unknown';
}

public function getGitCommit(): string
{
$gitDir = $this->deployDir . '/.git';
if (is_dir($gitDir)) {
$headFile = $gitDir . '/HEAD';
if (file_exists($headFile)) {
$head = trim(file_get_contents($headFile));
if (str_starts_with($head, 'ref: ')) {
$refPath = $gitDir . '/' . substr($head, 5);
if (file_exists($refPath)) {
return trim(file_get_contents($refPath));
}
}
}
}
return 'unknown';
}

public function getDeployLog(): array
{
$logFile = $this->deployDir . '/storage/logs/deploy.log';
if (!file_exists($logFile)) return [];

$lines = file($logFile);
$entries = [];

foreach (array_slice($lines, -50) as $line) {
$entry = json_decode(trim($line), true);
if ($entry) {
$entries[] = $entry;
}
}

return $entries;
}

public function healthCheck(): array
{
$checks = [
'app_version' => $this->getCurrentRelease(),
'git_commit' => $this->getGitCommit(),
'deploy_time' => $this->getDeployTime(),
'php_version' => PHP_VERSION,
'memory_usage' => round(memory_get_usage(true) / 1024 / 1024, 2) . 'MB',
'disk_free' => round(disk_free_space('/') / 1024 / 1024 / 1024, 2) . 'GB',
];

return $checks;
}
}

class DeployLogger
{
public static function log(string $stage, string $status, string $message): void
{
$entry = [
'time' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
'stage' => $stage,
'status' => $status,
'message' => $message,
'user' => get_current_user(),
];

$logDir = __DIR__ . '/storage/logs';
if (!is_dir($logDir)) mkdir($logDir, 0755, true);

file_put_contents(
$logDir . '/deploy.log',
json_encode($entry, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE) . "\n",
FILE_APPEND | LOCK_EX
);
}
}

$status = new DeploymentStatus();
print_r($status->healthCheck());
?>
```

零停机部署的实现。常见的方式有蓝绿部署和金丝雀部署。PHP应用由于是无状态的（PHP-FPM模式），实现平滑部署相对简单。只需先启动新版本实例，再切换流量，最后关闭旧版本即可。

自动化部署脚本示例：

```bash
#!/bin/bash
# deploy.sh

set -e

echo "开始部署..."
DEPLOY_DIR="/var/www/app"
RELEASE_DIR="/var/www/releases/$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)"

# 拉取代码
echo "拉取代码..."
git clone -b main git@github.com:org/app.git $RELEASE_DIR

# 安装依赖
echo "安装依赖..."
cd $RELEASE_DIR
composer install --no-dev --optimize-autoloader

# 创建存储链接
ln -nfs $DEPLOY_DIR/storage $RELEASE_DIR/storage
ln -nfs $DEPLOY_DIR/.env $RELEASE_DIR/.env

# 设置权限
chmod -R 775 $RELEASE_DIR/storage
chmod -R 775 $RELEASE_DIR/bootstrap/cache

# 运行迁移
php artisan migrate --force

# 切换版本
ln -nfs $RELEASE_DIR $DEPLOY_DIR/current

# 重启PHP-FPM
sudo service php8.2-fpm reload

# 清理旧版本
ls -t /var/www/releases | tail -n +6 | xargs -I {} rm -rf /var/www/releases/{}

echo "部署完成"
```

CI/CD流程让代码从提交到上线变得自动化、标准化。每次部署都可追溯，出了问题也能快速回滚。虽然搭建CI/CD需要一些前期投入，但长期来看能极大提升团队的交付效率和代码质量。