React 组件生命周期FD文章大纲

在本章节中我们将讨论 React 组件的生命周期。

组件的生命周期可分成三个状态：

• Mounting(挂载)：已插入真实 DOM
• Updating(更新)：正在被重新渲染
• Unmounting(卸载)：已移出真实 DOM

挂载

当组件实例被创建并插入 DOM 中时，其生命周期调用顺序如下：

• constructor(): 在 React 组件挂载之前，会调用它的构造函数。
• getDerivedStateFromProps(): 在调用 render 方法之前调用，并且在初始挂载及后续更新时都会被调用。
• render(): render() 方法是 class 组件中唯一必须实现的方法。
• componentDidMount(): 在组件挂载后（插入 DOM 树中）立即调用。

render() 方法是 class 组件中唯一必须实现的方法，其他方法可以根据自己的需要来实现。

这些方法的详细说明，可以参考官方文档。

更新

每当组件的 state 或 props 发生变化时，组件就会更新。

当组件的 props 或 state 发生变化时会触发更新。组件更新的生命周期调用顺序如下：

• getDerivedStateFromProps(): 在调用 render 方法之前调用，并且在初始挂载及后续更新时都会被调用。根据 shouldComponentUpdate() 的返回值，判断 React 组件的输出是否受当前 state 或 props 更改的影响。
• shouldComponentUpdate():当 props 或 state 发生变化时，shouldComponentUpdate() 会在渲染执行之前被调用。
• render(): render() 方法是 class 组件中唯一必须实现的方法。
• getSnapshotBeforeUpdate(): 在最近一次渲染输出（提交到 DOM 节点）之前调用。
• componentDidUpdate(): 在更新后会被立即调用。

render() 方法是 class 组件中唯一必须实现的方法，其他方法可以根据自己的需要来实现。

这些方法的详细说明，可以参考官方文档。

卸载

当组件从 DOM 中移除时会调用如下方法：

• componentWillUnmount(): 在组件卸载及销毁之前直接调用。

这些方法的详细说明，可以参考官方文档。

实例

以下是一个当前时间的实例，每秒更新：

实例

class Clock extends React.Component { constructor(props) { super(props); this.state = {date: new Date()}; } componentDidMount() { this.timerID = setInterval( () => this.tick(), 1000 ); } componentWillUnmount() { clearInterval(this.timerID); } tick() { this.setState({ date: new Date() }); } render() { return ( <div> <h1>Hello, Runoob!</h1> <h2>现在时间是：{this.state.date.toLocaleTimeString()}.</h2> </div> ); } } const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.body); root.render( <Clock /> );

以下实例在 Hello 组件加载以后，通过 componentDidMount 方法设置一个定时器，每隔100毫秒重新设置组件的透明度，并重新渲染：

React 实例

class Hello extends React.Component { constructor(props) { super(props); this.state = {opacity: 1.0}; } componentDidMount() { this.timer = setInterval(function () { var opacity = this.state.opacity; opacity -= .05; if (opacity < 0.1) { opacity = 1.0; } this.setState({ opacity: opacity }); }.bind(this), 100); } render () { return ( <div style={{opacity: this.state.opacity}}> Hello {this.props.name} </div> ); } } const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root")); root.render( <Hello name="world"/> );

以下实例初始化state，setNewnumber用于更新state。所有生命周期在Content组件中。

React 实例

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class Button extends React.Component { constructor(props) { super(props); this.state = { data: 0 }; this.setNewNumber = this.setNewNumber.bind(this); } setNewNumber() { this.setState({ data: this.state.data + 1 }); } render() { return ( <div> <button onClick={this.setNewNumber}>INCREMENT</button> <Content myNumber={this.state.data} /> </div> ); } } class Content extends React.Component { componentDidMount() { console.log("Component DID MOUNT!"); } shouldComponentUpdate(newProps, newState) { return true; } componentDidUpdate(prevProps, prevState) { console.log("Component DID UPDATE!"); } componentWillUnmount() { console.log("Component WILL UNMOUNT!"); } render() { return ( <div> <h3>{this.props.myNumber}</h3> </div> ); } } const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root")); root.render( <div> <Button /> </div> );