元胞自动机Python康威生命游戏

import pygame import sys from pygame.locals import * # 初始化Pygame pygame.init() # ===================== 配置参数 ===================== # 单元格大小（像素） CELL_SIZE = 20 # 网格行列数 GRID_COLS = 40 # 列数 GRID_ROWS = 30 # 行数 # 窗口尺寸 WINDOW_WIDTH = CELL_SIZE * GRID_COLS WINDOW_HEIGHT = CELL_SIZE * GRID_ROWS # 颜色定义 BLACK = (0, 0, 0) # 死细胞/背景色 WHITE = (255, 255, 255) # 活细胞颜色 GRAY = (40, 40, 40) # 网格线颜色 # 设置窗口 screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT)) pygame.display.set_caption("康威元胞自动机 | Enter启停 | 空格切换速度(0.1/0.5/1秒) | R键重置 | 左键放置/删除") # 初始化细胞状态：False=死（黑），True=活（白） cells = [[False for _ in range(GRID_COLS)] for _ in range(GRID_ROWS)] # 运行状态和更新间隔（毫秒） is_running = False # 速度档位：0.1秒(100ms)、0.5秒(500ms)、1秒(1000ms) speed_levels = [100, 500, 1000] current_speed_idx = 1 # 默认选中0.5秒（索引1） UPDATE_INTERVAL = speed_levels[current_speed_idx] # 自定义事件：更新细胞状态 UPDATE_CELLS_EVENT = USEREVENT + 1 pygame.time.set_timer(UPDATE_CELLS_EVENT, UPDATE_INTERVAL) # ===================== 核心函数 ===================== def count_neighbors(row, col): """ 计算指定单元格的活邻居数量 边界处理：超出网格的区域视为死细胞 """ count = 0 # 遍历8个邻居方向 for dr in (-1, 0, 1): for dc in (-1, 0, 1): if dr == 0 and dc == 0: continue # 跳过自身 # 计算邻居坐标并检查边界 r = row + dr c = col + dc if 0 <= r < GRID_ROWS and 0 <= c < GRID_COLS: if cells[r][c]: count += 1 return count def reset_cells(): """重置细胞状态：清空所有活细胞，暂停运行""" global cells, is_running cells = [[False for _ in range(GRID_COLS)] for _ in range(GRID_ROWS)] is_running = False pygame.time.set_timer(UPDATE_CELLS_EVENT, 0) # 关闭定时器 # ===================== 主循环 ===================== def main(): global is_running, UPDATE_INTERVAL, current_speed_idx while True: # 填充背景为黑色 screen.fill(BLACK) # 事件处理 for event in pygame.event.get(): # 关闭窗口 if event.type == QUIT: pygame.quit() sys.exit() # 键盘事件 elif event.type == KEYDOWN: # Enter键：切换运行/暂停状态 if event.key == K_RETURN: is_running = not is_running # 暂停时关闭定时器，运行时开启 pygame.time.set_timer(UPDATE_CELLS_EVENT, UPDATE_INTERVAL if is_running else 0) # 空格键：循环切换速度（0.1秒 → 0.5秒 → 1秒 → 0.1秒...） elif event.key == K_SPACE: current_speed_idx = (current_speed_idx + 1) % len(speed_levels) UPDATE_INTERVAL = speed_levels[current_speed_idx] if is_running: pygame.time.set_timer(UPDATE_CELLS_EVENT, UPDATE_INTERVAL) # R键：重置所有细胞（清空+暂停） elif event.key == K_r or event.key == K_R: reset_cells() # 鼠标左键点击：切换细胞状态（放置/删除） elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: if event.button == 1: # 左键 x, y = event.pos # 转换鼠标坐标为网格坐标 col = x // CELL_SIZE row = y // CELL_SIZE # 确保坐标在网格范围内 if 0 <= row < GRID_ROWS and 0 <= col < GRID_COLS: cells[row][col] = not cells[row][col] # 定时更新细胞状态（仅运行时生效） elif event.type == UPDATE_CELLS_EVENT and is_running: # 先复制当前状态（避免边遍历边修改导致错误） new_cells = [[False for _ in range(GRID_COLS)] for _ in range(GRID_ROWS)] # 应用康威元胞自动机规则 for row in range(GRID_ROWS): for col in range(GRID_COLS): neighbor_count = count_neighbors(row, col) current_state = cells[row][col] # 规则1：活细胞邻居<2 → 死亡 # 规则2：活细胞邻居=2/3 → 存活 # 规则3：活细胞邻居>3 → 死亡 # 规则4：死细胞邻居=3 → 复活 if current_state: new_cells[row][col] = 2 <= neighbor_count <= 3 else: new_cells[row][col] = neighbor_count == 3 # 更新细胞状态 cells[:] = new_cells # 绘制网格线 # 绘制竖线 for col in range(1, GRID_COLS): pygame.draw.line(screen, GRAY, (col * CELL_SIZE, 0), (col * CELL_SIZE, WINDOW_HEIGHT), 1) # 绘制横线 for row in range(1, GRID_ROWS): pygame.draw.line(screen, GRAY, (0, row * CELL_SIZE), (WINDOW_WIDTH, row * CELL_SIZE), 1) # 绘制细胞（活细胞为白色方块，死细胞为黑色背景） for row in range(GRID_ROWS): for col in range(GRID_COLS): if cells[row][col]: cell_rect = pygame.Rect( col * CELL_SIZE, # x坐标 row * CELL_SIZE, # y坐标 CELL_SIZE, # 宽度 CELL_SIZE # 高度 ) pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, cell_rect) # 更新显示 pygame.display.flip() if __name__ == "__main__": main()