基于STM32的气象监测系统设计与实现
摘要
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的气象监测系统（项目编号：mcuclub-dz-930）。系统主要功能包括：通过DHT11 温湿度传感器监测当前环境的温湿度；借助5516 光照监测模块获取环境光照强度；利用BMP180 气压监测模块检测环境气压；通过MQ-2 烟雾传感器监测烟雾浓度；依托GP2Y1014AU 传感器检测 PM2.5 浓度；当监测到气压小于设置最小值、烟雾或 PM2.5 浓度大于设置最大值时，系统启动声光报警；所有监测数据通过OLED 显示屏实时展示；同时，系统通过 WiFi 模块将数据上传至阿里云，支持手机端或按键设置气压最小值、烟雾和 PM2.5 最大值阈值。
该气象监测系统的作用在于，为环境监测提供了一种多参数集成、智能化的解决方案。通过全面的参数监测、及时的异常报警和便捷的数据管理，能够帮助相关人员实时掌握环境状况，提前预警潜在风险，为环境治理和安全决策提供可靠依据，助力提升环境管理的科学性与高效性。
关键词：STM32；气象监测系统；多参数监测；声光报警；数据上传
Design and Implementation of Meteorological Monitoring System Based on STM32
Abstract
In the current era of increasing attention to environmental issues, real-time monitoring of meteorological and environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity, light, air pressure, smoke, and PM2.5 has become an important means to ensure production and living safety and improve environmental management levels. The abnormal changes in these parameters may cause safety accidents and affect human health, so developing a system that can comprehensively, accurately, and conveniently monitor multiple environmental parameters is of great practical significance.
This design proposes a meteorological monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller (project number: mcuclub-dz-930). The main functions of the system include: monitoring the temperature and humidity of the current environment through the DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor; Obtain ambient light intensity using the 5516 light monitoring module; Use BMP180 air pressure monitoring module to detect environmental air pressure; Monitor smoke concentration through MQ-2 smoke sensor; Using GP2Y1014AU sensor to detect PM2.5 concentration; When the air pressure is less than the set minimum value or the smoke or PM2.5 concentration is greater than the set maximum value, the system will activate an audible and visual alarm; All monitoring data is displayed in real-time on an OLED screen; At the same time, the system uploads data to Alibaba Cloud through the WiFi module and supports setting the minimum air pressure, maximum smoke and PM2.5 threshold values on the mobile phone or by pressing a button.
The function of this meteorological monitoring system is to provide a multi parameter integrated and intelligent solution for environmental monitoring. Through comprehensive parameter monitoring, timely abnormal alarms, and convenient data management, relevant personnel can grasp the environmental conditions in real time, warn potential risks in advance, provide reliable basis for environmental governance and safety decision-making, and help improve the scientific and efficient nature of environmental management
.
Keywords：STM32; Meteorological monitoring system; Multi parameter monitoring; Sound and light alarm; Data upload
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 光照检测模块电路设计
3.5 气压检测模块电路设计
3.6 烟雾检测模块电路设计
3.7 PM2.5 检测模块电路设计
3.8 显示模块电路设计
3.9 按键模块电路设计
3.10 声光报警模块电路设计
3.11 WiFi 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.6 PM2.5检测模块子流程设计
4.7 WiFi模块子流程设计
5实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 多参数监测及显示功能测试
5.3 声光报警功能测试
5.4 阈值设置功能测试
5.5 数据上传功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
