摘要
随着畜牧养殖业的规模化、集约化发展，牛舍环境的精准调控对提升肉牛养殖质量、保障肉牛健康生长具有重要意义。传统的牛舍管理主要依赖人工巡查和经验判断，存在环境参数监测不及时、调控滞后、劳动强度大等问题，难以满足现代化养殖的需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智慧牛舍养殖系统，整合了 DHT11 温湿度传感器、5516 光照检测模块、SGP30 二氧化碳传感器、MQ-135 氨气传感器、独立按键、OLED 显示屏、ECB02 蓝牙模块及执行设备（加热装置、降温装置、加湿装置、除湿装置、照明设备、通风设备等），实现了牛舍环境的自动化监测与智能调控。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 实时监测温湿度，温度低于最小值时启动加热，高于最大值时启动降温，湿度低于最小值时启动加湿，高于最大值时启动除湿，参数异常时触发声光报警；通过 5516 光照检测模块监测光照强度，低于最小值时自动打开照明灯；通过 SGP30 监测二氧化碳浓度，高于最大值时启动通风设备；通过 MQ-135 监测氨气浓度，高于最大值时通过手机提醒打扫牛棚；支持通过 3 个独立按键设置各参数阈值，手动控制各继电器；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示各项监测数据；利用 ECB02 蓝牙模块将数据传输至手机端，实现手机端设置阈值和控制各继电器。
该系统的实现，有效提升了牛舍环境调控的自动化与智能化水平，减少了人工干预，确保了牛舍环境参数的稳定与适宜，为规模化肉牛养殖提供了高效、可靠的解决方案，同时为同类畜牧养殖环境调控设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；智慧牛舍；养殖系统；传感器；环境调控；蓝牙通信
ABSTRACT
With the large-scale and intensive development of animal husbandry, precise regulation of cattle shed environments is of great significance for improving the quality of beef cattle breeding and ensuring the healthy growth of beef cattle. Traditional cattle shed management mainly relies on manual inspections and empirical judgments, which has problems such as untimely monitoring of environmental parameters, delayed regulation, and high labor intensity, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern breeding.
The smart cattle shed breeding system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates DHT11 temperature and humidity sensors, 5516 light detection modules, SGP30 carbon dioxide sensors, MQ-135 ammonia sensors, independent buttons, OLED displays, ECB02 Bluetooth modules, and executive devices (heating devices, cooling devices, humidifying devices, dehumidifying devices, lighting equipment, ventilation equipment, etc.), realizing automatic monitoring and intelligent regulation of the cattle shed environment. The core functions of the system include: real-time monitoring of temperature and humidity through DHT11, starting heating when the temperature is below the minimum value, starting cooling when it is above the maximum value, starting humidification when the humidity is below the minimum value, starting dehumidification when it is above the maximum value, and triggering an acousto-optic alarm when parameters are abnormal; monitoring light intensity through the 5516 light detection module, automatically turning on the lighting when it is below the minimum value; monitoring carbon dioxide concentration through SGP30, starting ventilation equipment when it is above the maximum value; monitoring ammonia concentration through MQ-135, reminding to clean the cattle shed via mobile phone when it is above the maximum value; supporting the setting of various parameter thresholds through 3 independent buttons to manually control each relay; real-time display of various monitoring data through the OLED display; using the ECB02 Bluetooth module to transmit data to the mobile phone to realize threshold setting and relay control on the mobile phone.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the automation and intelligence level of cattle shed environment regulation, reduces manual intervention, ensures the stability and suitability of cattle shed environmental parameters, provides an efficient and reliable solution for large-scale beef cattle breeding, and also provides a reference for the research and development of similar environmental regulation equipment for livestock breeding, with high practical application value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; Smart cattle shed; Breeding system; Sensor; Environmental regulation; Bluetooth communication
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温湿度传感器选择
2.1.3 光照检测模块选择
2.1.4 二氧化碳传感器选择
2.1.5 氨气传感器选择
2.1.6 按键模块选择
2.1.7 显示模块选择
2.1.8 蓝牙模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 温湿度传感器电路
3.3 光照检测模块电路
3.4 二氧化碳传感器电路
3.5 氨气传感器电路
3.6 显示模块电路
3.7 蓝牙模块电路
3.8 按键模块电路
3.9 执行设备驱动电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.6 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.7 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.8 蓝牙模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 温湿度传感器功能测试
5.3 光照检测模块功能测试
5.4 二氧化碳传感器功能测试
5.5 氨气传感器功能测试
5.6 蓝牙模块功能测试
5.7 按键设置与显示功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
